Sarcopenia risk, sarcopenia-related quality of life, and associated factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): A web-based survey

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to screen for the risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related quality of life and associated factors of people living with HIV (PLWH). Research methods and procedures: This nonprobabilistic web-based survey evaluated PLWH. The participants were invited directly from a university-based inpatient clinic and responded to a web questionnaire that included the SARC-F and SarQoL to screen people at risk of sarcopenia and their quality of life. People at risk of sarcopenia were defined by the proposed cutoff points for SARC-F ( 4 points), and SarQoL overall score was categorized according to the median. Moreover, we performed a logistic regression to investigate associ ations between HIV-, lifestyle-, and health-associated factors (i.e., physical activity, dietary pattern, sleep quality, gastrointestinal symptoms, HIV diagnosis, type, combinations, and duration of ART, smoking, drink ing, BMI, and weight loss), and outcomes (SARC-F and SarQoL). Results: The sample comprised 202 PLWH, mainly middle-aged (50.6-60.5 y; n = 101). Only 5.9% (n = 12) are at risk of sarcopenia according to SARC-F, and only 17.3% (n = 35) exhibited lower sarcopenia-related quality of life according to SarQoL. In the multiple models, only the gastrointestinal symptoms increased the odds of sarcopenia risk (OR: 1.058; P = 0.01) and poor sarcopenia-associated quality of life (OR: 1.041; P = 0.013). Conclusions: We verified that only 5.9% and 17.3% of PLWH are at risk of sarcopenia and presented lower sarcopenia-related quality of life, respectively. Only the gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with a risk of sarcopenia and lower sarcopenia-related quality of life, without significant differences between age groups.