Internet-based weight loss programs: a review

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in the adult population is a public health concern. Pharmacological, surgical and behavioral therapies are consensual, but when they are not associated with changes in lifestyle are often ineffective in the long term. Web programs for weight loss are an alternative and complementary. Objective: To report web interventions for weight loss, analyze the model of intervention and results in weight reduction. Methods: Only randomized clinical trials of nutritional intervention applied via web published between the years 2002 and 2012 were selected. Databases were MEDLINE via PubMed and Web of Science. The articles were evaluated by categories, being Category 1: objectives, study group, sample size, time, and loss of follow up; and Category 2: intervention design, theoretical framework, personalization strategies and outcomes. Results: 15 randomized controlled trials were selected. The personalization strategies have been prepared from information collected through questionnaires filled by the users of programs. The interventions used models based on theories of behavior. Reduction in body weight achieved in the web groups ranged from 0.9 to 8.8 Kg. Conclusion: Web programs for weight loss provide interaction among users and in some cases promotes weight reduction. However, the resources used are not described in detail by the authors, and this hinders the creation of new science-based programs.