Elaboração de um instrumento para avaliar os riscos de complicações na sala de recuperação anestésica e proposta de intervenções de enfermagem

Abstract

The Post-Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) is the place for receiving patients in the immediate postoperative period and it aims to prevent possible complications for patients submitted to various surgical anesthetic procedures, in which human resources and techniques must be improved for a quality health care. Many instruments are used to evaluate the patient at the time, all of them focused to the biomedical model but no specific that addresses the needs of nursing care. This study aims to identify the main complications in the literature on Post-Anesthetic Care Unitand propose an instrument to evaluate the risks of these complications and nursing interventions in PACU. It is a study of integrative review, to gather and synthesize research results. With the reading and analysis of the articles, the complications have been raised and all factors have risks that are considered aggravating to develop complications of PACU. The main complications were: hypothermia, hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, apnea, tremor, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, ventricular and atrial extrasystoles, hypertension, hypotension, bleeding, pain and surgical positioning. The scale construction was given from a questionnaire with the risk factors with positive or negative answers (yes or no), in which the sum of the positive responses within a numerical scale of colors, ranks: low, medium or high, showing the possibility that the patient has one or more complications in PACU. According to the complications risk rating, was also developed a suggested nursing interventions (based in the Recommended Practices SOBECC) to be applied to these patients. It is concluded that the use of a risk range of complications in PACU by nursing, enables a safer and more complete patient care, since it allows to avoid complications and in the case of them happen systematically directs the nursing interventions.