D. Paulo Evaristo Arns e sua luta pelos direitos humanos no Brasil durante a ditadura (1964-1984): um estudo de bioética

Abstract

After the deposition of President João Goulart with the military coup in Brazil in 1964, the Brazilian government was under the command the armed forces. Through Institutional Acts, the military government, under the aegis of the National Security Doctrine in geopolitical Cold War, led by the group of hard-lines starts the most repressive period of the military regime conceived as Years of Lead. In Scenario Church, the Catholic Church does the Second Vatican Council, opening up to the problems of the modern world and watch the genesis of liberation theology as one of the theories to respond to the challenges of social, especially social exclusion and inequality. In this context, we highlight the role of Cardinal Dom Paulo Evaristo Arns ahead of the Archdiocese of São Paulo at a stage in Brazil's history in which human rights were vilified by the arbitrariness of the military regime. In the historical in which civil society was silenced, d. Paul presents himself as one of the few voices opposing the regime, breaking diplomacy for years marked the relationship between State and Church, adhering to care for those who longed for justice. Thus, d. Paul articulates a series of executions in order to defend the most vulnerable in this situation through the creation of the Justice and Peace Commission of São Paulo, Operation Periphery, visits to prisons with suspected torture, allegations of military abuses, among other activities that went beyond his religious role, showing a deep sense of humanity. This dissertation aims to reflect elements of character bioethical activities d. Paul as a precursor of ideals bioethical issues in contemporary society, are sedimented as values and rights: freedom of thought and expression, democratic debate, rejecting violence instituted, respect for human rights and human dignity. The approach of bioethical reflection from the action of a historical agent is of some novelty on the tradition principialist, coming mainly from the United States and Europe, with a predominance of research and production on the rights of patients and to the world of medicine. However, as criticism of this tradition, bioethicists from Latin America have called the Social Bioethics, whose approach turns to social problems and also for criticizing the assault on Human Rights. This approach of Latin American bioethics present more grounds for scientific relevance of it was processed, over the years in the recent history of the country, building laws and conscience more sensitive to bases of bioethics at its core, about how to be human autonomy and dignity. The legacy of d. Paul as the one responsible for this situation is worthy of a closer look with scientific research criteria to rescue the memory of personalities that corroborated the consolidation of the democratic rule of law in Brazil.